What You Need to Know about PFAS in Period Products

In 2022, a popular period underwear manufacturer settled a lawsuit when it was revealed that their products had per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as opposed to their marketed message of safe and sustainable products for menstrual hygiene. In 2023, an independent research conducted by the University of Notre Dame found signs of PFAS in multiple period and incontinence products. So it begs the question, what are these PFAS?

History:

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a series of synthetic “forever chemicals” that are highly resistant to degradation in the environment and in human bodies. They are compounds resistant to grease, oil, water, and heat. First used in the 1940s, they have wide applications in fabrics, cleaning products, cookware, and, of course, sanitary products. Chemically, PFAS possess a carbon-fluorine bond, which is very strong and cannot be broken down easily, making them a durable albeit dangerous compound. 

PFAS in period care

PFAS repel water, oil, and stains, making them leak-proof and a popular choice to include in menstrual products like period underwear, pads, cups, and tampons.

Leak resistance: PFAS create a protective barrier, blocking the menstrual blood from seeping.

Anti-moisture: In period underwear, PFAS keep the outer layer dry while locking moisture inside it, keeping the area warm and comfortable

Durability: Resistant to wear and tear, maintaining flexibility and strength

Hence, PFAS are used to make products durable and high-performance, but with long-term consequences. 

Health implications:

PFAS in period care are not “just another chemical”, because of where and how they are used, they come up with real-life threats:

Hormone disruptions: PFAS are called endocrine disruptors as they interfere with estrogen, progesterone, and thyroid hormones, resulting in menstrual irregularities
Reproductive health risks: Studies link PFAS exposures to reduced fertility, lower ovarian reserves and longer conception times

Immunity suppression and carcinogens: They have been associated with weaker immune response and some PFAS, like PFOA and PFOS, have been identified as known carcinogens

But PFAs were first used in the 1940s and there concentration is now so widespread that they are present in drinking water, soil, air. Brands can mandate their manufacturers to source quality materials and make sure that no PFAs are intentionally added to the materials. But since PFAs are present everywhere no product can be completely free of PFAs.